You can get insurance on your ship so that you will get paid if your ship is destroyed. This guide will explain the details.
When you are docked in a space station, you should be able to see an icon that looks like chains and a lock around a ship. This is the ship insurance icon. Click it to make a window appear that offers you different levels of insurance for your ship. Choose the level of insurance that you want to purchase.
You do not actually need to buy insurance to get reimbursed for a lost ship. You will get paid 40% if you lose a ship that is uninsured.
However, insurance gives you the option of increasing that payout to:
Insurance policies last 12 weeks. You can purchase insurance again after it expires.
If you have purchased insurance on your ship, you will lose the increased payout if you do the following things (although you will still receive the default 40% payout even if you do these things):
If you lose your ship within the first twelve week period that you have the ship insured, then yes, it is worth it. But if you lose your ship after renewing your insurance in week 13, you will neither lose nor gain money from having insurance. After week 24, if you re-insure for a third time, it is not worth it.
This means that insurance is best for people who expect to lose ships frequently, like those who do a lot of PVP, or a lot of very difficult missions or complexes.
Your ship's value is based on the value of the raw minerals of which it is composed. The game has assigned some secret base prices to all of the minerals. These values are pretty much only used for insurance purposes, and are not related to market prices for these minerals.